I heard this many times when in the UK from various folk. They would say 'Buddhism.......it's not a religion, it's a philosophy......'
I don't know an awful lot about Buddhism, but I can confirm that Buddhism is not a philosophy.
I'm reading a book called 'The Pali Canon: What a Buddhist must know' by Bhikkhu P.A Payutto. There are many different viewpoints about the Pali Canon, how relevant it is to Buddhism, many say it is the direct word of Buddha, many say that the texts are deviations. The author is of the former opinion, and he states, far clearer than I can, that 'philosophy is concerned with rational speculation, the attempt to arrive at the truth of something through reasoning'.
(Pic above. Socrates - brilliant philosophical scallywag) But the important point essentially is: when a philosopher debates certain questions, they have no obligation to lead their lives in accordance with the principles they are investigating. A philosopher is able to live as they please (as seen throughout history) violence, gambling, gratuitous sex etc. Philosophers are a stubborn, bright bunch, they make their own rules.......
By contrast, a religion involves it's patrons adhering to certain practises, application of which is necessary in order to form part of that belief system, thus following a religion's fundamental principles.
Those that practice Buddhism have to conduct themselves in certain ways. Thus, Buddhism is clearly a religion, not a philosophy as quoted by various trendy UK folk.
I found that interesting, even if some may think it obvious.
Another interesting 'thing': Back some 2500 years ago, when Buddha was busy creating Buddhism, he came to realise that, sooner rather than later, he was going to die.
With this in mind, he opted to ensure that all his teachings would be set down, and that not any one monk was to be appointed as his successor. Buddha had previously seen the disruption to Jainism when its leader Nigantha Nataputta (the founder of Jainism) passed away. His disciples had failed to collect or memorise his teachings while he was alive, and thus there were heated arguments amongst the flock about how to continue after his death.
They even failed to agree as to what Nataputta had actually meant, in many cases.
According to Payutto, Buddha recognised that the maintenance of his word was essential to the maintenance of Buddhism. In a very basic nutshell, all of Buddha's teachings were arduously collected, compiled and classified, so that some kind of uniformity could be established. This process is far more complicated than I can go into, as are the descriptions for the various different doctrines (the book claims that most were compiled under the direction of Buddha, others by immediate disciples), but it is clear it took many months for all the elements to be collected and agreed on, with much of it taking place after Buddha's death.
After Buddha's cremation, an assembly of 500 senior monks (known as Arahant Elders) gathered, and it fell on their shoulders to agree and certify Buddha's teachings. This is known as the first rehearsal.
'Once agreement was reached on the content of a given subject, the elders would chant it together so that the content thus approved would be settled as the model for memorisation and transmission later on.'
In total in took the Arahant Elders 7 months to complete this historic first rehearsal.
The elders were the first ones responsible for retaining, preserving, and passing down the word of Buddha. This was done orally by chanting. The monks, upon agreement of the content, learned, memorised and transmitted the teachings from mouth to mouth to ensure the survival of Buddhism. The teachings thus agreed upon and passed down is known as Theravada Buddhism.
Fascinating! and an explanation of why chanting remains so common in Thailand, even today!
(Pic - Monks at the TEE Coffee Shop)
Some may think (as I did) that the chanting recitation method is a little risky, being that the preservation of the word of Buddha is of the utmost importance, and that possible errors in it's passing down may occur. But as the book points out, by means of mass recitation and collective chanting, this can be just as accurate as written down versions, which too are susceptible to interpretation and corruption when they are re-written down the ages.
At least when you have 10, 20, 100 or 500 people chanting in unison, all words must remain identical to the original script; deviations would be lost in the correct chanting of the other monks.
It is claimed that huge efforts were made to preserve the exact word of Buddha, so much so that the author states that the Pali Canon is, in effect, an audience with Buddha hundreds of years after his death.
The Pali Canon (left) was eventually written down in the 1st century BC, and is itself an enormous set of scriptures containing 84,000 textual units in over 45 volumes.
Amazing to think that this tradition of Buddhism has survived so in tact over this period, passed down over hundred of years in such devoted ways, remaining unchanged from it's original form....
Many of the insights are as coherent and applicable today as they were back then, and some claim this proves them to be the work of a genius.